Direct human breath analysis by secondary nano-electrospray ionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry: Importance of high mass resolution and mass accuracy
Xue Li, Lei Huang, Hui Zhu and Zhen Zhou.
RATIONALE: Direct mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods make it possible to monitor the molecular compositions of hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled human breath in real time. Mass resolution and mass accuracy play important roles for direct MS analysis, especially for the low-concentration isobaric compounds in non-target research.
Real-Time Quantification of Amino Acids in the Exhalome by SESI-MS: A Proof-of-Principle Study
D. García-Gómez, T. Gaisl, L. Bregy, A. Cremonesi, P. M-L Sinues, M. Kohler, and R. Zenobi
Amino acids are frequently determined in clinical chemistry. However, current analysis methods are time-consuming, invasive, and require sample preparation. The authors hypothesized that plasma concentrations of amino acids can be estimated by measuring their concentrations in exhaled breath.
SESI-HRMS reveals tryptophan pathway metabolites in exhaled human breath
D. García-Gómez, T. Gaisl, L. Bregy, P. M-L Sinues, M. Kohler and R. Zenobi
Disorders in tryptophan metabolism result in diseases such as vitamin B6 responsive xanthurenic aciduria, hydroxy-kynureninuria, tryptophanuria and Hartnup disease. The authors hypotesized that breath analysis may reveal compounds that are metabolically linked to tryptophan. The mass range of detected metabolites reached up to 265 u, which is beyond the mass range limit (150–200 u) of competing breath research techniques such as PTR or SIFT-MS.
Noninvasive strategies for breast cancer early detection
G. Trecate, P. M-L Sinues & R. Orlandi
Breast cancer screening and presurgical diagnosis are currently based on mammography, ultrasound and more sensitive imaging technologies; however, noninvasive biomarkers represent both a challenge and an opportunity for early detection of cancer …
Expanding metabolite coverage of real-time breath analysis by coupling a universal SESI source and a HRMS. A pilot study on tobacco smokers
M. T. Gaugg, D. Garcia Gomez, C. Barrios-Collado, G. Vidal-de-Miguel, M. Kohler, R. Zenobi and P. M-L Sinues
Coupling a SESI source and a HRMS (Orbitrap), the authors were able to identify exogenous compounds associated to smoking, as well as endogenous metabolites suggesting increased oxidative stress in smokers. According to the authors, most of these compounds correlated significantly with smoking frequency and allowed accurate discrimination of smokers and non-smokers.
Real-Time Chemical Analysis of E-Cigarette Aerosols by Means of Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
D. Garcia-Gomez, T. Gaisl, C. Barrios-Collado, Guillermo Vidal-de-Miguel, M. Kohler and R. Zenobi
Chemical analysis of aerosols collected from electronic cigarettes (ECs) has shown that these devices produce vapors that contain harmful and potentially harmful compounds. Conventional analytical methods used for the analysis of electronic cigarettes do not reflect the actual composition of the aerosols generated because they usually neglect the changes in the chemical composition that occur during the aerosol generation process and after collection.
The Effect of CPAP Withdrawal on Exhaled Breath in Obstructive Sleep Apnea – A Randomized Controlled Trial
E. I Schwarz, P. M-L Sinues, L. Bregy, T. Gaisl, D. Garcia-Gomez, M. T. Gaugg, Y. Suter, N. Stebler, Y. Nussbaumer-Ochsner, K. E. Bloch, J. R. Stradling, R. Zenobi, M. Kohler
Patients with OSA effectively treated with CPAP were randomised to either withdraw treatment or continue CPAP for 2 weeks. Exhaled breath analysis and research by untargeted SESI-MS was performed at baseline and 2 weeks after randomisation. CPAP withdrawal led to a recurrence of OSA, which was accompanied by a significant change in 16 identified metabolites.
SESI-MS and a novel statistical bioinformatic approach identifies a cancer-related profile in exhaled breath of breast cancer patients: a pilot study
P. M-L Sinues, Elena Landoni, Rosalba Miceli, Vincenza F. Dibari, Matteo Dugo, Roberto Agresti, Elda Tagliabue, Simone Cristoni, Rosaria Orlandi.
SESI–MS produces high-dimensional data of quality comparable to gene expression analysis output. This prompted the authors to use methods originally developed for gene expression data in analyzing SESI–MS breathprints.
Detection and Quantification of Benzothiazoles in Exhaled Breath and Exhaled Breath Condensate by Real-Time SESI–HRMS and UHPLC
D. García-Gómez, L. Bregy, Y. Nussbaumer-Ochsner, T. Gaisl, M. Kohler, and R. Zenobi
2-Subtituted benzothiazoles are widely used industrial chemicals whose occurrence in environmental samples has been shown to be ubiquitous. However, knowledge about human exposure to these compounds and their excretion route is still scarce. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the detection of benzothiazole derivatives in exhaled breath.
Real-Time High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Identifies Furan Derivatives in Exhaled Breath
D. García-Gómez, L. Bregy, C. Barrios-Collado, G. Vidal-de-Miguel and R. Zenobi
The identification of chemical compounds in exhaled human breath is promising in the search for new biomakers of diseases. However, the analytical techniques used nowadays are not capable of achieving a robust identification, especially in real-time analysis.
Drug Pharmacokinetics Determined by Real-Time Analysis of Mouse Breath
Xue Li, P. M-L Sinues, R. Dallmann, L. Bregy, M.Hollmén, S. Proulx, S. A. Brown, M. Detmar, M. Kohler, and R. Zenobi
Noninvasive, real-time pharmacokinetic (PK) monitoring of ketamine, propofol, and valproic acid, and their metabolites was achieved in mice, using secondary electrospray ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The PK profile of a drug influences its efficacy and toxicity because it determines exposure time and levels …
Identification of 2‑Alkenals, 4‑Hydroxy-2-alkenals, and 4‑Hydroxy-2,6-alkadienals in Exhaled Breath Condensate by UHPLC-HRMS and in Breath by Real-Time HRMS
D. García-Gómez, P. M.-L. Sinues, C. Barrios-Collado, G. Vidal-de Miguel, M. Gaugg, and R. Zenobi
In recent years, breath analysis in real time has become a noninvasive alternative for the diagnosis of diseases and for molecular fingerprinting of exhaled breath. However, the techniques used lack the capabilities for proper identification of the compounds found in the exhalome.
Circadian Variation of the Human Metabolome Captured by Real-Time Breath Analysis
P. M-L Sinues, L. Tarokh, Xue Li, M. Kohler, S. A. Brown, R. Zenobi, R. Dallmann
Circadian clocks play a significant role in the correct timing of physiological metabolism, and clock disruption might lead to pathological changes of metabolism. One interesting method to assess the current state of metabolism is metabolomics. Metabolomics tries to capture the entirety of small molecules, i.e. the building blocks of metabolism, in a given matrix …
Direct quantification of chemical warfare agents and related compounds at low ppt levels: comparing active capillary DBDI and SESI mass spectrometry
J-C Wolf, M. Schaer, P. Siegenthaler, R. Zenobi
A novel active capillary dielectric barrier discharge plasma ionization (DBDI) technique for mass spectrometry is applied to the direct detection of thirteen chemical warfare related compounds, including sarin, and compared to secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. The investigated compounds include an intact chemical warfare agent and structurally related molecules, hydrolysis products and/or precursors of highly toxic nerve (G-series, V-series and "new" nerve agents), blistering and incapacitating warfare agents. …
Breath Analysis in Real Time by Mass Spectrometry in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
P. M-L Sinues, L. Meier, C. Berchtold, M.Ivanov, N. Sievi, G. Camen, M. Kohler, R. Zenobi
Background: It has been suggested that exhaled breath contains relevant information on health status. Objectives: We hypothesized that a novel mass spectrometry (MS) technique to analyze breath in real time could be useful to differentiate breathprints from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and controls (smokers and nonsmokers) …
Analysis of the Exhalome A Diagnostic Tool of the Future
P. M-L Sinues, R. Zenobi, M. Kohler
Investigations on breath analysis have provided preliminary data on its potential in the noninvasive diagnosis of lung diseases. Although the conventional comparisons of exhaled breath in study populations (ie, diseased vs healthy) may help to identify patients with various lung diseases, we believe that the analysis of exhaled breath holds promise beyond this scenario …
A new strategy based on real-time secondary electrospray ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry to discriminate endogenous and exogenous compounds in exhaled breath
C. Berchtold, L. Meier, R. Steinhoff, R. Zenobi
Breath is considered to be an easily accessible matrix, whose chemical composition relates to compounds present in blood. Therefore many metabolites are expected in exhaled breath, which may be used in the future for the development of diagnostic methods. In this article, a new strategy to discriminate between exhaled endogenous metabolites and exhaled exogenous contaminants by direct high-resolution mass spectrometry is introduced.
Human Breath Analysis May Support the Existence of Individual Metabolic Phenotypes
P. M.-L. Sinues, M. Kohler, R. Zenobi
The metabolic phenotype varies widely due to external factors such as diet and gut microbiome composition, among others. Urine metabolite profiling studies have suggested that there are highly individual phenotypes that persist over extended periods of time. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the exhaled breath of a group of subjects during nine days by mass spectrometry.
Secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) breathprinting of multiple bacterial lung pathogens, a mouse model study
J. Zhu, H. D. Bean, J. Jiménez-Díaz, and J. E. Hill
Bacterial pneumonia is one of the leading causes of disease-related morbidity and mortality in the world, in part because the diagnostic tools for pneumonia are slow and ineffective. To improve the diagnosis success rates and treatment outcomes for bacterial lung infections, we are exploring the use of SESI-MS breath analysis as a rapid, noninvasive method for determining …
Monitoring Diurnal Changes in Exhaled Human Breath
P. M-L Sinues, M. Kohler and R. Zenobi
The development of noninvasive analytical techniques is of interest to the field of chronobiology, in order to reveal the human metabolome that seems to show temporal patterns and to predict internal body time. We report on the real-time mass spectrometric analysis of human breath as a potential method to be used in this field.